Apparatus for and method of making deckled edged paper



- May 10, 1932. w Bl Kl A 1,858,131

APPARATUS FOR vANI METHOD OF MAKING DECKLED EDGED PAPER Filed April 17, 1951 .3 Shets-Sheet 1 FIG. 1.

INVENTOR.

EEU EEWEF'LBIT'LTE ATTORNEY y 10, 1932- W (31w. BICKING 1,858,131

APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF MAKING DECKLED EDGED PAPER Filed April 17, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet '2 oooooo'oo FIG. 2.

INVENTOR.

El 20E E W Bid/G ATTORNEY May 10, 1932. G w-. BICKING APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF MAKING DECKLED EDGED PAPER 5 Sheets-Sheet Filed April 17, 1931 mm W Q.

Ealllllll r"""""llil AZIAI'I'K fdldlffdlllwlrwlflll iafln vlflralrlllflfltrlnlililllll lllrlillitillilllIII lllllilllllllnnlll ul. nnnn S Patented May 10, 1932 UNITED STATES GEORGE W. BICKING, OF WASHING-TQM, DISTRECT OF COLUMBIA APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF MAKING- DECKLED EDS-ED PAPER Application filed April 17,

This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for the cutting of paper and more particularly for the cutting of paper so as to produce feathered or deckled edges thereupon. According to the invention there is produced sheets of paper of predetermined dimensions wherein all four edges are feat-hered or irregular in outline and thus forming what is known in the art as deckled edge Heretofore the best quality of paper such for example, as utilized in book making and writing paper and for other purposes, has been deckle edged but, it has been regarded as necessary to make paper of such quality by hand with result that the production of high quality paper has been limited due to the inability to so manufacture paper in large quantities and at a speed of operation that would permit of lowered costs. Attempts have been made to make deckle edge paper by mechanical means and it is well known that strips of paper can be made with two deckled edges by screening the pulp so as to leave the two running edges roughened or feathered but this, of course, still results in the production of strips or reels of paper of more or less continuous lengths without crosswise cuts of any kind. Recognizing the desirability of paper having all edges feathered or deckled, efforts have been made to produce such paper by mechanical means for example according to the disclosure of Patents 1,470,675 and 1,616,211 which treat a continuous web of pulp in such a manner as to permit rupturing along lines where the pulp has been relatively weakened.

According to the present invention means are provided for continuously making paper of predetermined size of a character com parable or superior to hand made paper.

It is an object of the present invention to produce sheets of paper of predetermined size and having four deckled edges and to produce such sheets of paper by a continuous process.

It is a further object of the invention to enable the production of deckle edge paper by the utilization of machinery commonly employed in the paper making art, the ap- 1931. Serial No. 530,987.

paratus herein described being readily adapt able for use with the customary Fourdrinier machine.

A further object of the invention is the production of paper having four deckled edges and of variable predetermined dimensions.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings where of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a detail taken on the line 55 of Figure 2. V

Figure 6 illustrates the driving means an is a section taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 3.

Referringto the drawings for purposes of detailed description of an embodiment of my invention, the numeral 1 indicates a conventional paper forming machine having a frame 2 supported by suitable means as pillars 3 and provided with a movable screen 1. The screen 7 is adapted for movement lengthwise of the machine and conveys the pulp P in order to effect the removal of moisture therefrom and effect the drying there of, the movement of the pulp being in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 1 as is well known in the art. At the forward end of the machine, also as is known in the art, there is provided a roller 8 or like means for effecting the return movement of the screen. Suction boxes are provided in such machines and one such suction box is generally illustrated by the numeral 9. All of the foregoing elements are well known to the art of paper making and do not require detail description for'the purposes of this invention.

In the preparation of deckled edge paper according to the present invention, I effect the cutting of the pulp during its travel on the screen by means of a device such as now will be described.

Positioned convenient to the paper making machine there is provided a cutter generally indicated by the numeral 10. The cutter comprises a moving head 11, provided with a valve 12, the valve having an outlet orifice 13 adapted for the egress of fluid such as air, steam or water. The valve 12 is provided with an adjustment 14 enabling the size of the orifice to be varied as desired. The moving head 11 is mounted proximate to an extremity of an arm 15 which may be in the form of a pipe having a bore 16 forthe passage of a suitable fluid. The moving head carries a lug or elbow 17 for a purpose to be hereinafter explained. The arm -15 is adapted for longitudinal movement along the line of its length and generally crosswise and, as illustrated, angular to the screen 7. At the rearward end of the arm 15 there is provided a suitable connection 18 joining the arm to a flexible hose 19. The hose 19 is in turn conneeted to a source of suitable fluid such as air under pressure, steam, or water, preferably water.

The arm 15 is supported in position by suitable brackets 20, 20' one of which is shown to be secured by suitable means such as a projection 21 to a base 22 mounted on a stand 23 positioned adjacent to the paper making machine 1. The brackets 20, 20 carry a track or guiding means 24 for defin ing the lineal movement of thearm 15. The track 24 extends beyond the limits of movement of the arm 15 and terminates-at a point substantially beyond the screen 7. The end of the track is provided witha means such as set screw 25 for assisting in securing the track in a predetermined fixed position.

Fixed at points beyond the limits of the screen 7, and conveniently positioned at points on a track 24, there is provided a pair of lugs 26, 26 the upstanding edges of which are set in the line of movement of the elbow 17 of the moving head 11. Thus it will be seen that upon each forward and backward stroke of the moving head 11 and the elbow 17, the elbow 17 is tripped by each ofthe lugs 26, 26' at the extremity of its stroke. The elbow 17 operates thereby alternately to open and close the valve 12 and is so arranged that the valve is opened during the forward movement of the arm and closed upon the return movement.

A suitable source of power is provided to drive an axle 27 and effect the longitudinal movement of the screen 7. Drive mechanism, preferably cam pulleys 28, 28 and belting 29, are driven from the shaft 27 and the pulley 28 in turn drives a shaft- 30. By means of suitable gearing 31, the shaft 30 in turn drives a vertically positioned shaft 32 which shaft terminates in a sprocket 33 having teeth 34, said sprocket 33 being centered below the arm 15 and conveniently arranged about midway of the course of the stroke of this arm. As shown, for mechanical convenience the bracket 20 is in general alignment with the shaft 32 and it will be noted that each of the brackets have their Vertical surfaces spaced apart from the limits of the track 24.

Positioned a suitable distance rearwardly of the sprocket 33, is an idler sprocket 35 mounted on an axle 36 and carrying teeth 37. A link chain 38 is positioned to be driven by a sprocket 33 and ride upon the sprocket 35. Suitably connected to the chain 38, and preferably by attachment to a link thereof, is an arm 39 having an upstanding portion 40 to which is pivoted a link 41 extending generally parallel to the arm 15 and connected thereto by a suitable pivot 42. The upstanding portion 40 extends to a sufficient height in order to permit the link 41 to override the surface 43 which forms a 'base for the location of the sprockets 33 and 35. This is made necessary by the fact that the upstanding portion 40 must move through a complete circumferential movement of the link 41 and effect a similar movement of the pivotal connection of the link 41. For like reasons it is essential that the brackets 20, 20 be so positioned that their vertical surfaces are spaced a suflicient distance so as to be outside of the range of the movement of the pivotal connection.

At the opposite extremity of the cutter, and

likewise positioned adjacent to the paper making machine,.is an arcuate plate 44 adapted to provide a base for the reception of the set screw 25 and so to cooperate therewith to effect the securing'of the cutter in a'predetermined fixed position.

As shown in the drawings, the cutter is pivoted or arranged to permit of rotation about a vertical axis. A convenient locus for the axis is at a point about midway of the point of the cutter and corresponds with the bracket 20 and in axial alignment with the shaft 32. As shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, the bracket 20 providing for the central balancing of the cutter carriesa projection 21 such as has been referred toand the base 22 is provided with a seriesof notches or indentations 45 forming recess-es for suitable locking means such as a bolt or a spring bolt 46 securing the bracket in predetermined fixed position. It will be evident that the means just described taken in conjunction with the binding effect of the screw 25 secures the cutter in predetermined fixed position with relation to the screen 7 Each of the brackets 20 are secured to the tracks 24 by suitable means such as bolts 47 and their lower portions are secured to the surface 43 by suitable means such as bolts 48 in order to maintain the surface 43 in fixed and parallel relation to the tracks 24 and the arm 15. The outlet 13 rides within the tracks and assists in preventing rotation of the arm or pipe.

In operation, the mechanism above described is positioned adjacent the screen portion of the paper making machine and power is applied by suitably connecting the pulley 28 to a corresponding pulley 28 mounted on an axle 27. Accordingly a uniform motion is imparted so as to drive the screen and the cutter in fixed relation each to the other. Upon application of the power to the shaft 30 and through the bevel gears 31 and the shaft 32 to the sprocket and chain, the chain is caused to move, preferably in a counter clockwise direction. This motion of the chain effects a corresponding movement of the link 41 which in turn efiects a .reciprocating movement of the pivot 42 and a forward and backward movement of the arm 15. Accordingly the head 11 is constrained to move forwardly and backwardly across the screen 7 and, due to this motion, the valve 12 traces a line across a the screen at spaced relation to the same. A

suitable fluid such as steam, water, or air under pressure is provided in the bore 16 of the arm 15 from a suitable source.

At the extremity of the forward movement of the head 11, the lug or elbow 17 is tripped by the lug 26 in order to close the valve; The reverse movement of the cutter 15 causes the lug or elbow 17 to contact with the lug 26', moving the lug 17 in an opposite direction and so opening the valve 12. It will thus be seen that the valve 12 is open during the forward stroke of the cutter 15 and is closed on the reverse stroke. Accordingly the impinging of the fluid on the pulp carried by the screen will effect the disintegration or separation of the fiber along the line traced by the valve 12, the separation being complete or partial according to the force exerted, with the result that the fiber is out along that line. As, however the jet of fluid does not effect a sharp cut but, on the contrary, produces a slightly irregular cut or disintegration of fiber, the resulting division of the sheet of pulp will result in a slightly roughened edge or a deckled edge. As the cutter moves in continuous reciprocation, separate sheets of pulp or paper will be obtained at the completion of each forward stroke of the cutter. Accordingly, sheets of pulp or paper having deckled edges at their forward and rearward ends will be obtained due to the action of the fluid cutting means. By the simple expedient of avoiding smoothened edges along the sides of the screen 7. the lengthwise edges of the pulp or paper will. be feathered or deckled and so a sheet of paper having all four sides feathered or deckled will result.

Pulp is fed to the screen in thin suspension, say about three per cent pulp, as is customary and well known in the art of paper making. The pulp P is taken up by the screen and the drain openings of the screen cause the removal of part of the moisture with resulting partial drying of the pulp. Also, as is customary in the art, suction boxes are provided at intervals along the length of the screen to effect the more positive removal of moisture and the screen and the suction boxes are so arranged as to result in the delivery of a sheet of relatively dry fiber at the delivery end of the screen. The cutting device is preferably arranged to act on the pulp at points not directly over a suction box and this preferred arrangement gives a substantially equal cutting action to all the fibers affected.

The ratio of the reciprocal movement of v the cutter with relation to the forward move ment of the screen is predetermined for different speeds so that the component motion of the valve 12 cross wise of the screen is a straight line motion across the moving screen and, so. normal to the edges of the moving screen. This results in the production of a sheet of pulp or paper of rectangular configuration. As, however, it will be desired to vary the speed of the screen, under varying factory conditions or according to the type of pulp used or the thickness of the same. it will be evident that a single setting of the cutter in angular relation to the screen would produce a cut straight across the pulp at only one given speed. To allow for varying speeds of the screen, means are provided as above described to permit of the partial rotation of the cutter about its center with resultant variation in its angle to the screen. Accordingly the cutter is capable of effecting a cut straight across the screen at any given speed of the latter. In order to provide for additional adjustment of the relative speeds of the cutter and the screen, it is preferable to provide cam pulleys for the drive means and such have been described in this specification.

The sheets of paper so prepared may be removed from the delivery end of the screen in. any suitable manner such, for example, as by means of rolls.

lVhile the invention has been described in considerable detail, I do not wish to confine myself to the specific embodiments above referred to except according to the following claims:

I claim:

1. A device for effecting the impinging'of fluid on a sheet of paper pulp during formation thereof comprising means adapted to move entirely crosswise of the sheet of pulp and to deliver fluid thereto during its passage.

2. A device for effecting the impinging of fluid on a sheet of paper pulp during the formation thereof comprising means adapted to move entirely forward and backward across the sheet of pulp and to deliver fluid thereto during its forward passage.

3. A device for effecting the impinging of fluid on a sheet of paper pulp comprising means to move crosswise of the sheet and at a predetermined angle thereto, said means being so arranged that one component of the motion thereof is normal to an edge of the pulp.

4. A device for effecting the impinging of fluid on a sheet of paper pulp comprising a reciprocating arm adapted to contain fluid, a valve associated with said arm and means to alternately open and close said valve at the end of each reciprocating movement.

5. A device for effecting the-impinging of fluid on a sheet of paper pulp comprising a reciprocating arm adapted to contain fluid, a valve associated with said arm and proximate to the forward extremity thereof, means to close said valve at the completion of its forward movement and means to open said valve at the completion of its backward movement.

6. A device for effecting the impinging of fluid on a sheet of paper pulp comprising a reciprocating arm adapted to contain fluid, a valve associated with said arm proximate to the forward extremity thereof, an elbow associated with said valve, guides for said arm, and lugs on said guide adapted to contact with said elbow at the extremities of the forward and backward movement of said valve.

7 A machine for forming deckled edge paper comprising a paper-forming screen, means for effecting the movement of said screen, drive mechanism for said means, an arm mounted for reciprocatory movement across said screen, rotary means connected to said arm to effect the reciprocation thereof, means adapted to drive said rotary means and connected "to said screen driving means in such manner as to effect a predetermined ratio of the speedsof the screen driving means and the rotary means, said arm carrying a valve adapted to traverse the entire width of the screen and means to open said valve during'the forward movement of the arm and to close said valve during the reverse movement.

'8. A method of cutting paper pulp which comprises providing a sheet of paper pulp, effecting movement of such sheet and impinging a fluid onto and entirely across the surface of the sheet during the movement thereof.

9. A method of severing the fibers of paper pulp which comprises providing a sheet of pulp, effecting uniform movement of the sheet and impinging a fluid onto the moving sheet in such manner as to sever the fibers in a direction normal to the edges of the sheet.

10. A method of severing the fibers of a moving sheet of paper pulp which comprises providing a movable outlet for a -fluid,-moving said outlet in a lineal direction angular to and entirely across the sheet of pulp and ejecting fluid from said outlet onto the-surface of the pulp.

11. A method of severing the fibers of a moving sheet of paper'pulp which comprises providing a movable outlet for a fluid, moving said outlet in a lineal direction angular to the sheet of pulp while correlating its movement so that the component motion across the sheet of pulp is normal to the'edges thereof, and ejecting fluid from said outlet onto the surface of said pulp.

12. A method of severing the fibers of a moving sheet of paper pulp which comprises providing a movable outlet for a fluid, moving said outlet in a lineal direction angular to and entirely across the sheet of pulp and ejecting fluid from said outlet onto the surface of the pulp during the forward movement of the outlet.

13. A method of severing the fibers of a moving sheet of paper pulp which comprises providing a movable outlet for a fluid, moving said outlet in a lineal direction angular to the sheet of pulp while correlating its movement so that the component motion across the sheet of pulp is normal to the edges thereof, and ejecting fluid from said outlet onto the surface of said pulp during the forward movement of the outlet.

1%. A method of severing fibers of the moving sheet of paper pulp which comprises providing a movable outlet for a fluid, eli'ecting the reciprocation of said outlet in a lineal direction angular to and entirely across the sheetof pulp, and ejecting fluid from said outlet onto the surface of thepulp during the forward movement of the outlet and preventing delivery of fluid onthe return movement thereof.

15. A method of severing fibers of a'moving sheet of paper pulp which comprises providing a movable outlet for a source of steam, effecting the reciprocation of said outlet in a lineal direction angular to and entirely across the sheet of pulp and ejecting steam from said outlet onto the surface of the pulp during the forward movement of the outlet and preventing delivery of steam on the return movement thereof.

16. A method of severing the fiber of a mov ing sheet of moist paper pulp which comprises providing a movable outlet for a source of steam effecting the reciprocation of said outlet in a lineal direction angular to and entirely across the sheet of pulp and ejecting steam from said outlet onto the surface of the pulp during the forward movement of the outlet and preventing delivery of steam on the return movementthereof.

17. A method of severing the fibers of a moving sheet of moist paper pulp which comprises providing a movable outlet for a fluid,

causing the movement of said outlet in a lineal direction angular to and entirely across the sheet of moist pulp in slightly spaced relation thereto and ejecting fluid from said outlet onto the surface of the pulp during the forward movement of the outlet and preventing delivery of fluid on the return movement thereof.

18. A method of forming deckled edged paper which comprises continuously forming a sheet of moist paper pulp, permitting the running edges of said sheet to be formed without smoothing eifects and thereby effecting two deckled edges, providing a movable l outlet for a fluid, moving said outlet in a lineal direction angular to the sheet of pulp and at a speed so correlated that the component movement of the outlet across the sheet of pulp is normal to the edges thereof, con- 23 tinuously reciprocating said outlet in its lineal direction in slightly spaced relation to said sheet, ejecting fluid from said outlet onto said sheet during each forward movement of the outlet and preventing the ejection 25 of said fluid on each return movement thereof. In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

GEORGE WV. BICKING. 

